CHAPTER 296
SB 463-FN - FINAL VERSION
04/11/2024 1466s
04/11/2024 1457s
23May2024... 1971h
2024 SESSION
24-3021
09/08
SENATE BILL 463-FN
AN ACT expanding access to court-appointed counsel for children in dependency proceedings.
SPONSORS: Sen. Carson, Dist 14; Sen. Gannon, Dist 23; Sen. Whitley, Dist 15; Rep. Ball, Rock. 25; Rep. M. Pearson, Rock. 34
COMMITTEE: Judiciary
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AMENDED ANALYSIS
This bill makes various changes regarding the appointment of counsel for children, including providing a right to an attorney in certain situations, subject to a phase-in schedule.
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Explanation: Matter added to current law appears in bold italics.
Matter removed from current law appears [in brackets and struckthrough.]
Matter which is either (a) all new or (b) repealed and reenacted appears in regular type.
04/11/2024 1466s
04/11/2024 1457s
23May2024... 1971h 24-3021
09/08
STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
In the Year of Our Lord Two Thousand Twenty Four
AN ACT expanding access to court-appointed counsel for children in dependency proceedings.
Be it Enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened:
296:1 Statement of Findings. The general court hereby finds that:
I. Children in child protection proceedings under RSA 169-C experience significant adversity, trauma, and loss. Some of these children are removed from their homes and placed in group homes or other child care institutions, separating them from their schools, communities, families, and friends. These children are some of New Hampshire’s most vulnerable.
II. Children have important legal rights at stake in RSA 169-C proceedings. In complex abuse and neglect cases, including those in which children are in, or at substantial risk of, institutional placement, legal representation of the child’s expressed interests is necessary to ensure the protection of those rights.
III. Court-appointed special advocates (CASA) and guardians ad litem (GAL) play important roles in supporting children throughout their involvement in the child protection system. The appointment of legal counsel for children in RSA 169-C proceedings shall not affect the appointment and role of CASAs or GALs pursuant to RSA 169-C:10, I. CASAs and GALs shall continue to play an important role in advocating for the best interests of the child.
IV. Providing counsel for children in child protection cases is a nationally recognized best practice. Children who have legal representation feel a sense of agency over the outcomes in their cases and often obtain better results than those without representation, including a reduction of time to permanency.
296:2 Child Protection Act; Attorneys and Guardians Ad Litem. Amend RSA 169-C:10 to read as follows:
169-C:10 Attorneys and Guardians Ad Litem.
I. In cases brought pursuant to this chapter involving a neglected or abused child, the court shall appoint a Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) or other approved program guardian ad litem for the child. If a CASA or other approved program guardian ad litem is unavailable for appointment, the court may then appoint an attorney or other guardian ad litem as the guardian ad litem for the child. The court shall not appoint an attorney for any guardian ad litem appointed for the child. The CASA or other approved program guardian ad litem shall have the same authority and access to information as any other guardian ad litem. For purposes of this paragraph, "unavailable for appointment" means that there is no CASA or other approved program guardian ad litem available for appointment by the court following a finding of reasonable cause at the preliminary hearing held under RSA 169-C:15 so that the child's interests may effectively be represented in preparation for and at an adjudicatory hearing.
II.(a) In cases [involving a neglected or abused child] under this chapter, [where the child's expressed interests conflict with the recommendation for dispositional orders of the guardian ad litem,] the court may appoint an attorney to represent the expressed interests of the child. If a child’s request for appointment of counsel is denied, the court shall state the reason for denial in an order or on the record. The child shall be notified of the court’s decision. In any case of neglect or abuse brought pursuant to this chapter, the court shall appoint an attorney to represent an indigent parent alleged to have neglected or abused his or her child. In addition, the court may appoint an attorney to represent an indigent parent not alleged to have neglected or abused his or her child if the parent is a household member and such independent legal representation is necessary to protect the parent's interest. The court shall not appoint an attorney to represent any other persons involved in a case brought under this chapter.
(b) In cases under this chapter, subject to the phase-in schedule established in subparagraph II(e), the court shall appoint an attorney to represent the expressed interests of a child who is placed in any group home or child care institution as defined in RSA 170-E:25 or certified by the department for the care of children placed pursuant to RSA 169-C, or in any state operated residential treatment program. Except in the case of an emergency, if the department determines that the child's needs indicate such placement should be considered, the department shall notify the court within 2 business days of such determination, and the court shall appoint counsel to represent the expressed interests of the child. Such notification shall occur prior to referral for an independent assessment or submission of child-specific information to such placement. In the case of an emergency necessitating immediate placement of a child in a group home, child care institution, or any state operated residential treatment program, the department shall notify the court within 2 business days of such placement.
[(b)] (c) When an attorney is appointed as counsel for a child, representation may include counsel and investigative, expert and other services, including process to compel the attendance of witnesses, as may be necessary to protect the rights of the child.
(d) An attorney appointed as counsel for the child shall have the right to request to view and copy the child’s medical, dental, psychological, psychiatric, educational, and counseling records, including those maintained by any group home or child care institution as defined in RSA 170-E:25. Such request shall not be denied except for good cause shown. Records provided to counsel under this subparagraph shall only be used for proceedings under this chapter.
(e)(1) The following phase-in schedule shall apply for the appointment of counsel for children already placed in any group home, childcare institution, or state-operated residential treatment program as of July 1, 2025. Children who are placed in any group home, childcare institution, or state-operated residential treatment program that is located outside of New England as of July 1, 2025 shall be entitled to counsel no later than July 31, 2025. Children who are placed in any group home, childcare institution, or state-operated residential treatment program located within New England as of July 1, 2025 shall be entitled to counsel no later than the following dates:
(A) For children 16 and 17 years of age, July 31, 2025.
(B) For children 14 and 15 years of age, October 31, 2025.
(C) For children 12 and 13 years of age, January 31, 2026.
(D) For children 10 and 11 years of age, April 30, 2026
(E) For children 9 years of age or younger, July 31, 2026.
(2) Notwithstanding this subparagraph, in any action in which, despite diligent efforts to secure counsel, an attorney is not available for appointment, litigation may proceed until an attorney becomes available. In such cases, the court shall, where possible, prioritize consideration of legal issues that do not affect the child’s expressed interests until an attorney becomes available.
III. The New Hampshire supreme court shall adopt rules regarding the duties and responsibilities of the CASA guardian ad litem or other guardian ad litem appointed for the child.
296:3 2026 Statutory Change Following Repeal of Subparagraph; Child Protection Act; Attorneys and Guardians Ad Litem. Amend RSA 169-C:10, II(b) to read as follows:
(b) In cases under this chapter, [subject to the phase-in schedule established in subparagraph II(e),] the court shall appoint an attorney to represent the expressed interests of a child who is placed in any group home or child care institution as defined in RSA 170-E:25 or certified by the department for the care of children placed pursuant to RSA 169-C, or in any state operated residential treatment program. Except in the case of an emergency, if the department determines that the child's needs indicate such placement should be considered, the department shall notify the court within 2 business days of such determination, and the court shall appoint counsel to represent the expressed interests of the child. Such notification shall occur prior to referral for an independent assessment or submission of child-specific information to such placement. In the case of an emergency necessitating immediate placement of a child in a group home, child care institution, or any state operated residential treatment program, the department shall notify the court within 2 business days of such placement.
296:4 New Paragraph; Foster Care Children's Bill of Rights; Right to Request an Attorney in a Child Protection Case. Amend RSA 170-G:21 by inserting after paragraph XIV the following new paragraph:
XIV-a. To be informed of the right to request an attorney under RSA 169-C:10, II(a) and of the guaranteed right to an attorney under RSA 169-C:10, II(b). The department shall provide the child with a written statement of these rights and the process by which to request an attorney.
296:5 Prospective Repeal. RSA 169-C:10, II(e), relative to phase-in schedule for appointment of counsel, is repealed.
I. Sections 3 and 5 of this act shall take effect August 1, 2026.
II. The remainder of this act shall take effect July 1, 2025.
Approved: July 26, 2024
Effective Date:
I. Sections 3 and 5 effective August 1, 2026
II. Remainder effective July 1, 2025
| Date | Amendment |
|---|---|
| April 9, 2024 | 2024-1466s |
| April 11, 2024 | 2024-1457s |
| May 15, 2024 | 2024-1971h |
| Date | Body | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Jan. 25, 2024 | Senate | Hearing |
| April 4, 2024 | Senate | Floor Vote |
| April 11, 2024 | Senate | Floor Vote |
| April 23, 2024 | House | Hearing |
| April 23, 2024 | House | Exec Session |
| April 23, 2024 | House | Floor Vote |
| May 14, 2024 | House | Exec Session |
| May 15, 2024 | House | Floor Vote |
July 30, 2024: II. Remainder Effective 07/01/2025
July 30, 2024: I. Section 3 & 5 Effective 08/01/2026
July 30, 2024: Signed by the Governor on 07/26/2024; Chapter 0296
July 15, 2024: Enrolled (in recess of) 06/13/2024
July 11, 2024: Enrolled Adopted, VV, (In recess 06/13/2024); SJ 18
July 11, 2024: Enrolled Adopted, VV, (In recess 06/13/2024); SJ 18
July 15, 2024: Enrolled (in recess of) 06/13/2024 HJ 16 P. 51
May 30, 2024: Sen. Carson Moved to Concur with the House Amendment, MA, VV; 05/30/2024; SJ 16
May 23, 2024: Ought to Pass with Amendment 2024-1971h: MA VV 05/23/2024 HJ 14 P. 88
May 23, 2024: Amendment # 2024-1971h: AA VV 05/23/2024 HJ 14 P. 87
May 16, 2024: Committee Report: Ought to Pass with Amendment # 2024-1971h 05/15/2024 (Vote 25-0; RC) HC 20 P. 22
May 8, 2024: Executive Session: 05/14/2024 01:00 pm LOB 210-211
May 2, 2024: Division III Work Session: 05/10/2024 10:00 am LOB 210-211
May 2, 2024: Division III Work Session: 05/07/2024 10:00 am LOB 210-211
May 2, 2024: Referred to Finance 05/02/2024 HJ 12 P. 32
May 2, 2024: Ought to Pass: MA VV 05/02/2024 HJ 12 P. 32
April 24, 2024: Committee Report: Ought to Pass 04/23/2024 (Vote 11-0; RC) HC 17 P. 15
April 18, 2024: Executive Session: 04/23/2024 02:30 pm LOB 206-208
April 16, 2024: Public Hearing: 04/23/2024 10:00 am LOB 206-208
April 12, 2024: Introduced 04/12/2024 and referred to Children and Family Law HJ 11 P. 103
April 11, 2024: Without Objection, the Clerk is authorized to make technical and administrative corrections which are necessary to reflect the intent of the Senate, MA; 04/11/2024; SJ 9
April 11, 2024: Ought to Pass with Amendments 2024-1466s and 2024-1457s, MA, VV; OT3rdg; 04/11/2024; SJ 9
April 11, 2024: Sen. Rosenwald Floor Amendment # 2024-1457s, AA, VV; 04/11/2024; SJ 9
April 11, 2024: Committee Amendment # 2024-1466s, AA, VV; 04/11/2024; SJ 9
April 9, 2024: Committee Report: Ought to Pass with Amendment # 2024-1466s, 04/11/2024, Vote 7-0; SC 14A
April 5, 2024: Ought to Pass: MA, VV; Refer to Finance Rule 4-5; 04/05/2024; SJ 8
March 27, 2024: Committee Report: Ought to Pass, 04/05/2024; Vote 5-0; CC; SC 13
Jan. 17, 2024: Hearing: 01/25/2024, Room 100, SH, 09:30 am; SC 4
Dec. 12, 2023: To Be Introduced 01/03/2024 and Referred to Judiciary; SJ 1