1 Private Roads Held in Common Ownership. RSA 231:81-a is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:

231:81-a Private Roads Held in Common Ownership.

I. In this section:

(a) "Private road" means any way located on private property, not accepted or maintained by a municipality or the state, and not a class V highway, which is held in common ownership by 2 or more landowners and provides actual and reasonable access to their properties.

(b) "Maintenance" means to keep a road in a state of repair or to preserve it from decline, such that it remains suitable for travel thereon, including all work necessary for passable, all-season travel such as snow and ice removal, grading, pothole filling, repairing washouts, and ensuring emergency vehicle access where topographically possible. Installation of improvements, such as culverts, fencing, or upgraded materials, shall not be included without the written consent of a majority of owners, unless otherwise provided by recorded agreement. No maintenance may obstruct established ditches or stormwater channels.

(c) "Equal" means ownership held in undivided interests, whether by joint tenancy, tenancy in common, or other shared title, excluding rights established solely by easement, deeded access, or license, and characterized by equally comparable use and benefit among the owners.

(d) "Equitable" means proportional contribution based on ownership, use, and benefit, considering factors such as length of road used, intensity or frequency of use, number of units or occupants served, or other reasonably related factors.

II. In the absence of active homeowners' association bylaws or an express agreement, when more than one landowner holds a common interest, each road owner shall contribute either equally or equitably to the reasonable and necessary cost of maintaining the road due to normal wear and tear or events beyond their control.

III. Before undertaking maintenance or repairs requiring shared costs, one or more road owners shall provide not fewer than 30 days' written notice to all owners. Such notice shall describe the proposed work, estimated costs, proposed cost allocation, contribution deadline, and reference to this section.

IV. In emergencies where access is completely obstructed, any owner or person acting on behalf of an owner may undertake temporary repairs or remove obstructions without prior consent, providing prompt notice to the other owners. Costs shall be allocated afterward as provided in this section. Routine maintenance reasonably necessary to keep the road passable, including snow removal and minor repairs, may be undertaken voluntarily by or on behalf of any owner without prior consent.

V. Any owner who directly or indirectly causes damage shall repair or restore the road within 5 days of written notice, delivered in person or by verified mail. After this period, other owners may undertake repairs and seek enforcement under this section.

VI. No obstruction, encroachment, or signage may be placed within road boundaries without unanimous consent of owners. Unauthorized items may be removed by any owner or agent, subject to reasonable care.

VII. No person acquires rights in a road held in common ownership by adverse or prescriptive use after the effective date of this act, unless adjudicated prior. Nothing in this section is intended to extend or restrict New Hampshire common law as applied to easements, licenses, or other rights of access over private land.

VIII. In disputes over costs or proposed work, owners may pursue mediation prior to civil action. Any owner may petition the superior court for equitable relief. The prevailing party in enforcement actions may recover reasonable costs, including attorney's fees, unless otherwise ordered by the court.

IX. If any provision of this section or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of the section which can be given effect without the invalid provisions or applications, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

2 Effective Date. This act shall take effect January 1, 2027.

1 Private Roads Held in Common Ownership. RSA 231:81-a is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:

231:81-a Private Roads Held in Common Ownership.

I. In this section:

(a) "Private road" means any way located on private property, not accepted or maintained by a municipality or the state, and not a class V highway, which is held in common ownership by 2 or more landowners and provides actual and reasonable access to their properties.

(b) "Maintenance" means to keep a road in a state of repair or to preserve it from decline, such that it remains suitable for travel thereon, including all work necessary for passable, all-season travel such as snow and ice removal, grading, pothole filling, repairing washouts, and ensuring emergency vehicle access where topographically possible. Installation of improvements, such as culverts, fencing, or upgraded materials, shall not be included without the written consent of a majority of owners, unless otherwise provided by recorded agreement. No maintenance may obstruct established ditches or stormwater channels.

(c) "Equal" means ownership held in undivided interests, whether by joint tenancy, tenancy in common, or other shared title, excluding rights established solely by easement, deeded access, or license, and characterized by equally comparable use and benefit among the owners.

(d) "Equitable" means proportional contribution based on ownership, use, and benefit, considering factors such as length of road used, intensity or frequency of use, number of units or occupants served, or other reasonably related factors.

II. In the absence of active homeowners' association bylaws or an express agreement, when more than one landowner holds a common interest, each road owner shall contribute either equally or equitably to the reasonable and necessary cost of maintaining the road due to normal wear and tear or events beyond their control.

III. Before undertaking maintenance or repairs requiring shared costs, one or more road owners shall provide not fewer than 30 days' written notice to all owners. Such notice shall describe the proposed work, estimated costs, proposed cost allocation, contribution deadline, and reference to this section.

IV. In emergencies where access is completely obstructed, any owner or person acting on behalf of an owner may undertake temporary repairs or remove obstructions without prior consent, providing prompt notice to the other owners. Costs shall be allocated afterward as provided in this section. Routine maintenance reasonably necessary to keep the road passable, including snow removal and minor repairs, may be undertaken voluntarily by or on behalf of any owner without prior consent.

V. Any owner who directly or indirectly causes damage shall repair or restore the road within 5 days of written notice, delivered in person or by verified mail. After this period, other owners may undertake repairs and seek enforcement under this section.

VI. No obstruction, encroachment, or signage may be placed within road boundaries without unanimous consent of owners. Unauthorized items may be removed by any owner or agent, subject to reasonable care.

VII. No person acquires rights in a road held in common ownership by adverse or prescriptive use after the effective date of this act, unless adjudicated prior. Nothing in this section is intended to extend or restrict New Hampshire common law as applied to easements, licenses, or other rights of access over private land.

VIII. In disputes over costs or proposed work, owners may pursue mediation prior to civil action. Any owner may petition the superior court for equitable relief. The prevailing party in enforcement actions may recover reasonable costs, including attorney's fees, unless otherwise ordered by the court.

IX. If any provision of this section or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of the section which can be given effect without the invalid provisions or applications, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

2 Effective Date. This act shall take effect January 1, 2027.